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Dates: 1906 - 1918
HMS Dreadnought, named after a ship of the line at the Battle of Trafalgar , gave her name to a revolution in naval warfare. Built in Portsmouth dockyard in just over a year, she was the best-armed and fastest battleship in the world when completed in 1906. At a time when battleships usually mounted only four big guns and an array of smaller weapons, Dreadnought’s ten big 305mm guns made all other battleships out-of-date. Powered by new steam turbines she had a top speed of 21 knots, 3 knots faster than battleships with traditional piston engines.
Dreadnought was the idea of Admiral Sir John Fisher who became First Sea Lord in 1904. Fisher wanted to replace battleships with fast all-big-gun armoured cruisers, called battlecruisers, which could deal with both battleships and cruisers. Armour was not as important as big guns that could penetrate any armour at long range. Fisher’s colleagues at the Admiralty were not so revolutionary, so Fisher gave in and built an all-big-gun battleship, Dreadnought, instead.
In the same way as HMS Warrior almost fifty years before, the construction of Dreadnought was intended by Fisher to deter Britain’s enemy, in this case Germany, through a demonstration of technological excellence and to indicate that any challenge to British naval supremacy would be futile.
Dreadnought was flagship of the Fourth Battle Squadron at the time of the Battle of Jutland in 1916. On 29 March 1915 she rammed and sank the German submarine U-29. She remains the only battleship to have sunk a submarine. Compare the statistics for HMS Dreadnought and for pre-dreadnought battleship HMS King Edward VII completed only a year earlier:
HMS Dreadnought (1906) Period in service: 1906 - 1918
Displacement: 18,110 tons
Length: 160.6m / 527ft
Beam: 25m / 82ft
Complement: 773
Speed: 21kts
Armament: 10 x 12 inch (305mm) guns
27 x 12 pounder guns
5 x 18 inch (457mm) torpedo tubes
Armour: 4 - 11 inch belt, 4 inch deck
4 - 11 inch barbettes, 11 inch turrets
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" On this day in 1906 HMS Dreadnought was launched at Portsmouth. The brainchild of Admiral Sir John Fisher, Dreadnought was the first battleship to feature an all-big-gun armament and steam turbine propulsion. The ship’s armament revolutionized how battleships were armed and quickly rendered ..."
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